\documentclass{cmspaper} \begin{document} %============================================================================== % title page for few authors \begin{titlepage} % select one of the following and type in the proper number: \cmsnote{2005/000} % \internalnote{2005/000} % \conferencereport{2005/000} \date{24 July 2000} \title{Study of the CMS L1 and L2 Trigger in single and di-muons topologies } \begin{Authlist} A.~Author, B.~Author, C.~Author\Aref{a} \Instfoot{cern}{CERN, Geneva, Switzerland} D.~Author, E.~Author\Aref{b}, F.~Author \Instfoot{ieph}{Institute of Experimental Physics, Hepcity, Wonderland} \end{Authlist} % if needed, use the following: %\collaboration{Flying Saucers Investigation Group} %\collaboration{CMS collaboration} \Anotfoot{a}{On leave from prison} \Anotfoot{b}{Now at the Moon} \begin{abstract} The performance of the Muon L1 trigger of the CMS experiment is studied in single muon and di-muon topologies expected from inhelastic {\it p-p } scattering at the LHC collider, at the design luminosity of $10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$. L1-filtered data from the muon detectors and the hadron and electromagnetic calorimeters are processed through the first stage of the High-Level-Trigger processor, L2, to improve the background rejection capability before the full event buffer is required. It is shown that a background rejection factor of... is achieved with respect to the L1 output rate in the full acceptance region ($\eta < 2.4$) covered by the muon detectors. \end{abstract} % if needed, use the following: %\conference{Presented at {\it Physics Rumours}, Coconut Island, April 1, 2005} \submitted{Submitted to {\it NIM (?) ....}} \note{Preliminary version} \end{titlepage} \setcounter{page}{2}%JPP %============================================================================== \section{Introduction} The CMS experiment at the LHC {\it p-p} collider is designed to detect the very rare processes expected from the current theories describing High Energy Physics (the Standard Model (SM) and its supersymmetric extensions), in the hard environment characterized by the very high QCD background foreseen for the inhelastic {\it p-p} interactions at the collider center of mass energy $\sqrt (s)=14$ $ TeV$. At the design machine luminosity of $10^{34} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$, the involved cross-sections imply an interaction rate as high as 600 MHz in the apparatus, delivering on average as much as 15 interactions at each bunch crossing (the bunch crossing rate being of 40 MHz).\par The "Level 1" (L1) trigger processors, based on dedicated hardware, will filter the events delivering an output rate of 25 KHz by selecting characteristics signatures based on the presence of high transverse momentum lepton(s), energetic hadronic jets and missing transverse energy. This will keep a safety margin of a factor 3 in the system, foreseen to work up to 75 KHz, to cope with the current theoretical uncertainty on the expected event rates. After this L1 filtering on analog data, digitized data will be analyzed and further filtered by the High Level Trigger (HLT) software processors, to rich a final output rate of 100 Hz for the events to be written on the mass storage for the off-line analysis. It is then of crucial importance for the design of the final Trigger and DAQ system to have a detailed simulation of the detector response and of the trigger processors. \par This work is devoted specifically to the muonic triggers based on single and di-muons topologies. In Section 1 the event generation and the datasets used in this study are described. Details of the detector simulation are given in Section 2. Sections 3 and 4 report on the simulation of the L1 trigger processors and the L2 reconstruction algorithms respectively. The results on the expected rates accepted by the two trigger levels are reported in Section 5. %============================================================================== \section{Event generation and dataset definition } %============================================================================== \section{Detector simulation} %============================================================================== \section{L1 trigger simulation} The L1 Muon Trigger of the CMS detector is a complex and redundant system, based on three independent detectors: the Drift Tube (DT) chambers in the barrel region ( $\eta < 1.15$), the Cathod Strip Chambers (CSC) in the endcap region and the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) in the whole acceptance region of the muon detector ( $\eta < 2. 40$). The Trigger layout is shown in Fig.... ect..... \subsection {DT L1 trigger} \subsection {RPC L1 trigger} \subsection {CSC L1 trigger} \subsection {Global Muon Trigger} %============================================================================== \section{L2 reconstruction from digitized data} %============================================================================== \section{Results} \subsection{Single muon topology} \subsection {Di-muons topology} %============================================================================== \section { Conclusions} \end{document} %===########################################################################### This is an example of subsection \subsubsection{Subsubsection} This is an example of subsubsection \section{Document layout} \subsection{Page size, margins and fonts} Use only very standard PostScript fonts: % \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|l|ccc|} \hline LaTeX name & roman & sansserif & typewriter \\ PostScript name & Times & Helvetica & Courrier \\ \hline \end{tabular} % \end{center} European A4 paper size is 210 mm x 297 mm (8.3" x 11.7"). American paper is 6 mm (0.2") wider and 18 mm (0.7") shorter, thus it has 216 mm x 279 mm (8.5" x 11.0"). In this template we have set the LATEX page style parameters as follows: {\small \begin{verbatim} \hoffset and \voffset are reset to 0 \oddsidemargin, \evensidemargin and \marginparwidth = 25mm \marginparsep is set equal to \baselineskip \topmargin=20mm, \headheight=0, \headsep=0 \footskip=6mm \textwidth=16cm \textheight is set to NN\baselineskip, where NN is 57, 51 or 46 .... \end{verbatim} } These settings lead to margins, measured from the edge of the physical page, as listed in Tab.~\ref{tab:page_layout}. In this table "foot" is the space left below the page number (footer). The paper size used in generating the PostScript file is defined by the {\em -t papertype} option in {\em dvips} where {\em papertype} stands for {\em a4} or {\em letter}. \begin{table}[htb] \caption{Page layout for A4 and US letter formats.} \label{tab:page_layout} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|l|ccccc|ccccc|} \hline & \multicolumn{5}{c|}{mm} & \multicolumn{5}{c|}{inches} \\ margin & left & right & top & bottom & foot & left & right & top & bottom & foot \\ \hline A4 & 25 & 25 & 20 & 34 & 28 & 1.0 & 1.0 & 0.8 & 1.3 & 0.9 \\ US letter & 25 & 31 & 20 & 16 & 10 & 1.0 & 1.2 & 0.8 & 0.6 & 0.4 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} \subsection{Tables, figures} Small tables can be inside the text in a fixed place, as the table with the font names above. Bigger tables should be defined as floating bodies and have a caption and label as Tab.~\ref{tab:page_layout} above. Figures can be inserted as EPS files using package {\em graphics}, automaticaly called by {\em cmspaper.cls}. Specifying both width and height forces both dimensions to be changed. If one of the dimensions is omitted the aspect ratio is preserved. If no one is given, the size is taken from the {\em \%\%BoundingBox} (see examples in Fig.~\ref{fig:ex1} and \ref{fig:ex2}). \begin{figure}[hbtp] \begin{center} \resizebox{3cm}{!}{\includegraphics{cmslogo.eps}} \caption{Figure inserted by \tt $\backslash$resizebox\{3cm\}\{!\}\{$\backslash$includegraphics\{cmslogo.eps\}\}.} \label{fig:ex1} \end{center} \end{figure} \begin{figure}[hbtp] \begin{center} \resizebox{5cm}{1cm}{\includegraphics{cmslogo.eps}} \caption{Figure inserted by \tt $\backslash$resizebox\{5cm\}\{1cm\}\{$\backslash$includegraphics\{cmslogo.eps\}\}.} \label{fig:ex2} \end{center} \end{figure} Quite often it is convenient to place 2 figures side by side as a single floating body. An environment {\em 2figures} is provided for that (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ex3} and \ref{fig:ex4}). \begin{2figures}{hbtp} \resizebox{\linewidth}{0.5\linewidth}{\includegraphics{cmslogo.eps}} & \resizebox{\linewidth}{0.5\linewidth}{\includegraphics{cmslogo.eps}} \\ % \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{\includegraphics{cmslogo.eps}} & % \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{\includegraphics{cmslogo.eps}} \\ \caption{The left figure} \label{fig:ex3} & \caption{The right figure} \label{fig:ex4} \\ \end{2figures} %------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \section{Submitting a note} Please follow the rules and procedures defined on the CMSDOC server, or request them by e-mail to:\begin{center} {\em cmsnotes@cmsdoc.cern.ch} \end{center} \section{Reference example} References should be placed at the end of the note (see example \cite{NOTE000}). \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem {NOTE000} {\bf CMS Note 2005/000}, X.Somebody et al., {\em "CMS Note Template"}. \end{thebibliography} %------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \pagebreak {\small \begin{flushleft} Appendix: A4/US page set-up\\ -1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -3 See section 2.1\\ -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ -5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\\ \end{flushleft} } \end{document}